Soybean
oil accounts for approximately 25 percent of the global vegetable oil
production. Edible refined soybean oil can be produced after refining
of crude soybean oil through crushing, extracting or prepressing and extracting
method of soybean.
The purpose of preparation
is to make the soybean to be suitable for fast and effective solvent extraction.
The processing is cleaning ,cooking, dehulling flaking expanding.
Cleaning and
drying soybeans are the important steps in the soybean oil process. The soybean
hulls need to be removed, because they would absorb the oil and reduce soy oil
yield. The dehulling of soybean can be made by cracking, the soybeans and
hulls, cracked soybeans can be separated by mechanical separation. Magnet
selectors are used to separate the iron from soybeans. Flake soybean into thin
pieces, easier for extraction and to dry the flaked pieces.
Solvent extraction
is widely used in soybean oil extraction under normal circumstances, oil
produced by solvent extraction has good quality and lower production cost.
The extraction
section includes add solvent, extraction, mixed oil, evaporation, steam,
stripping, crude soybean oil. The
wet meal goes through a desolventiser-toaster to remove hexane and inactivate
enzyme inhibitors to improve nutritional value and digestibility of the meal.
The crude
oil is then refined by three stages: water degumming, chemical refining and
physical refining.
In water
degumming, a sticky viscous oil-water emulsion or gum is removed by using water
and centrifuging. Soy lecithin is obtained as a by-product of the degumming
process. The chemical refining process removes free fatty acids . In physical
refining, the oil is bleached and deodorized. Bleaching removes the
yellow-orange carotenoid pigments and the green chlorophyll of the oil.
Finally, deodorization removes the odorous substances through a form of
physical distilling, the oil is subjected to high temperatures under a vacuum
for a short period of time.
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