Crude oil dugumming in this step gums in crude oil are removed by hydration with the help of phosphoric acid. Neutralization, in this step, free fatty acids are neutralized by using sodium hydroxide and covert them into soap, additional impurities are also removed by adsorption on the soap. bleaching, during bleaching, unwanted pigments are absorbed physically and oil will become much clear. deodorization, is used to remove unacceptable odors by steam distillation, the odoriferous compound are stripped off with the help of live injected steam into heated oil under high vacuum pressure. dewaxing,some kinds of oil like sunflower, maize germ or corn oil have waxes inside, if these impurities are not removed,the oil will freeze under low temperature, thus affecting oil quality and appearance so this process is necessary for extremely cold areas.
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